History has never really been my thing. I love historical fiction (Downton Abby has
taught me all I need to know about early 20th century Britain,
right?), but I think it is because of the characters. I like to know about the people of different
ages and places, but less so the historical facts. So when Greg and I decided to flip our roles
for this final month of the Global Semester, I was thrilled to know that I’d be
attending a Sociology course about Korea as opposed to History. Little did I know that I would not only be
learning about Korean history, but loving it.
Korea is a fascinating place with a rich and complicated
history. From its cultural and economic
ties to China starting back before 200 BCE through its colonization by Japan in
1910, Korea has been an important and interesting player in East Asia. But it is its more modern history – the time
from after the Korean War until the present day – that I find so
compelling. I think the history of both
North and South Korea is amazing, but I’ll focus on South Korea since that’s
where we are.
First off –here’s a quick timeline to give you the major
dates:
1953 Korean War halted by armistice agreement,
Syngman Rhee continues as President of First Republic of Korea
1960 April Revolution overthrows Rhee’s government
and Second Republic of Korea established
1961 Military forces led by Park Chung Hee overthrow
Second Republic of Korea
1968 Unsuccessful attempt by North Korea to
assassinate Park Chung Hee
1972 Park Chung Hee announces emergency Martial Law
and rewrites constitution so he can stay in office indefinitely
1974 First Lady assassinated by North Korean
1979 Park Chung Hee assassinated by his own cabinet
member; coup d’etat; Chun Doo Hwan gets power
1980 Martial Law declared after Gwangju Massacre
between dissenters and armed forces takes lives of at least 100
1987 Student uprisings lead to establishment of Fifth
Republic of Korea, democratic elections held
1988 Host Olympic Games
1993 President Kim Young-Sam elected
1998 President Kim Dae-Jung elected
2003 President Roh Moo-Hyun elected
2008 President Lee Myung-Bak elected
2012 Park Geun-Hye, daughter of the late Park Chung Hee, is
elected first female president
I was stunned when I first understood just how much upheaval
and military rule has been in place since the Korean War. Somehow I had always thought that South Korea
was a peaceful democracy. How they
managed to host the ’88 Olympics is still a mystery to me. And yet, while Park Chung Hee is regarded as
essentially a dictator, South Korea experienced some of the most rapid economic
development of any country during his tenure.
Their rocket like growth from one of the poorest countries in the world
to a member of the OECD is hard to comprehend.
Nowadays, if you talk to almost anyone about South Korea’s
modern history, they will look around to see who is listening. Seriously, we had two different professors
tell us that they could get in trouble for discussing some of the things they
discussed with us, and a third actually told the students not to take notes
during a specific discussion. Why? Because the current president is the daughter
of former president/dictator Park Chung Hee and she wants to assure that his
legacy is not tarnished. In fact, she’s
put together a government committee to rewrite the history text books. One of our contacts said that she was
incredibly depressed when Park Guen-Hye was elected because it felt like a
slide backwards.
I certainly can’t predict where things will go for South
Korea in the near future. President Park
Guen-Hye is supposed to end her single, five-year term in 2018, but there are
rumblings that she might be inclined to do as her father did and change the
constitution. With South Korea back on
the world stage as the hosts of the 2018 Winter Olympics, it will be very
interesting to watch what she does.